Melatonin

Melatonin is a hormone naturally produced by the pineal gland that regulates the sleep-wake cycle (circadian rhythm). Prescription melatonin is used to treat primary insomnia in adults over 55 and to manage circadian rhythm disruptions such as jet lag and shift work-related sleep difficulties.

Unlike conventional sleeping tablets, melatonin works by reinforcing the body's natural sleep signals rather than by sedating the central nervous system. This means it carries minimal risk of dependence, hangover effects, or rebound insomnia on discontinuation.

How to Take Melatonin

Take one melatonin tablet one to two hours before bedtime, after food. Swallow the prolonged-release tablet whole, do not crush, break, or chew it, as this releases the full dose at once instead of gradually overnight.

Melatonin works best when combined with consistent sleep habits. Try to go to bed and wake up at the same times every day, avoid bright screens in the hour before bed, and keep the bedroom cool and dark. For jet lag, take melatonin at the local bedtime of your destination, starting on the day of arrival.

Prolonged-release melatonin: 2 mg once daily, one to two hours before bedtime, for up to thirteen weeks. Immediate-release formulations may be dosed differently. Your prescriber will advise on the appropriate product and duration.

Common Side Effects

Side effects are generally mild and may include:

• Headache
• Dizziness
• Drowsiness the next day
• Nausea
• Irritability

Melatonin has a very favourable safety profile compared to other sleep medications.

Melatonin may enhance the sedative effects of alcohol and other CNS depressants. It can affect blood glucose levels and may interact with anticoagulants and immunosuppressants. Avoid driving or operating machinery if you experience morning drowsiness.

Contraindicated in known hypersensitivity to melatonin. Use with caution in patients with autoimmune conditions, as melatonin may modulate immune function.