Valsartan

Valsartan is an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) used for the treatment of hypertension, heart failure, and post-myocardial infarction when ACE inhibitors are not tolerated. By blocking the AT1 receptor, valsartan prevents the vasoconstrictive and sodium-retaining effects of angiotensin II, reducing blood pressure and cardiac workload. Unlike ACE inhibitors, ARBs do not cause a dry cough, making them a preferred alternative for patients who experience this side effect.

How to Take Valsartan

Take one valsartan capsule or tablet once daily, with or without food, at the same time each day. Consistent daily use is important for keeping blood pressure under control. Blood pressure lowering starts within two hours and is fully established within two to four weeks of regular use.

Do not stop taking valsartan suddenly without consulting your doctor, as blood pressure can rise sharply. This is especially important in people with heart failure or who have had a heart attack.

Hypertension: start at 80 mg once daily, increasing to 160 mg or 320 mg. Heart failure: start at 40 mg twice daily, increasing to 160 mg twice daily as tolerated. Post-MI: start at 20 mg twice daily, titrating upward.

Common Side Effects

Common side effects include:

• Dizziness (especially when standing up quickly)
• Low blood pressure (hypotension), particularly with the first dose or after dehydration
• Raised potassium (hyperkalaemia)
• Fatigue
• Headache

Valsartan should not be taken with other medications that raise potassium levels (such as potassium supplements or potassium-sparing diuretics) without careful monitoring. Regular blood tests to check kidney function and potassium are recommended during treatment.

Monitor renal function and potassium, particularly when starting or adjusting the dose. Do not use with ACE inhibitors and aliskiren simultaneously (dual RAAS blockade).

Contraindicated in pregnancy, severe hepatic impairment (especially biliary cirrhosis or cholestasis), and known hypersensitivity to valsartan.